E = hν = \frac{hc}{λ}

λ = \frac{hc}{E} = \frac{1240 eV · nm}{E}

θ_{c} = 1.22 (\frac{λ}{D} )

ρ(h) = ρ_{0} e^{(−h/H)}

“seeing” FWHM ∼ \frac{λ}{r_{0}}

r_{0} ∝ λ^{6/5}

τ_{0} ∼ \frac{r_{0}}{v}